Technical Support

Codes and Standards for Lightning Protection Systems in North America CSA B72:20 Canadian Standards Association “Installation Code for Lightning Protection Systems” This is the standard t...

EARLY STREAMER EMISION : HISTORY AND OPERATION PRINCIPLES Early streamer emission (ESE) lighting protection air terminals appeared in 1984, initially in France, and later in Spain, whic...

SPD Guide : Choose Common Mode or Differential Mode Protection? When selecting an SPD, it’s essential to understand the difference between common mode and differential mode protection. These two...

Protection against surges and overvoltages in BESS BESS systems contain AC/DC converters and battery banks implemented in concrete constructions or in metallic containers. These AC/DC conve...

Ground Resistance or Impedance? The goal of any grounding system is to provide a low impedance path for fault or transient currents to the earth. “Grounding” may be described as the process of m...

Remote Monitoring of Smart SPDs SPDs can be installed in electrical rooms and distant locations where there is not necessarily maintenance staff. This creates a need for monitoring from...

Differences in Surge Protective Device Classification, Parameters and Test Methods UL 1449 5th Edition vs. IEC 61643 Key Parameters of SPDs 1. Impulse Current (Iimp) • Defi...

Integration of Lightning Protection Systems with Building Management Systems The integration of Lightning Protection Systems (LPS) with Building Management Systems (BMS) represents a sig...

Testingof Grounding Systems: The Revision of the IEEE Std81 Over the Years Grounding Design Procedures Have Been Developed as Well as Appropriate Standards, Most Notable: •ANSI/IEEE Std ...

Supply System Configuration of American Grid Systems 1.Split Phase 2.Single Phase 3. 3-Phase WYE "Y" 4. 3-Phase Delta "D" 5. High-leg...