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THREE ESSENTIALS OF LIGHTNING PROTECTION:BONDING, GROUNDING AND SURGE PROTECTION Detailed attention to bonding of all conductors assures that unrelated or adjacent metallic objects are at th...

UL 1449 SPD Testing Terminology Explained UL 1449 is the Underwriters Laboratories Safety Standard for Surge Protective Devices (SPD). Surges are rapid increases in voltage and current that can o...

Six Striking Facts about Lightning and Wind Turbines Modern wind turbines are typically equipped with a lightning protection system (LPS). Internationally recognized standards require that th...

Comparing UL and IEC Test Methods for Surge Protective Device(SPD) Both UL and IEC go to some length to produce tests which will simulate various fault conditions an SPD may encounter ...

 IEC 61400-24 lightning protection of wind turbines   Structure of the new IEC 61400-24 Lightning Protection of Wind Turbines As with most other international standards, IEC 61...

Testing ofSPD Disconnectors Two of the more important international surge protection standards are:Underwriters Laboratories Incorporated, ANSI/UL1449-Surge Protection Devices, and IEC 61643-1-Su...

Status Indication of Surge Protective Devices Thermal Disconnectors  Some nonlinear elements of SPDs can be stressed during several operations especially with surge current amplitude...

Surge protection for ESS: ‘current’ trends Energy Storage Systems (ESS) are now a mature technology. ESS is installed at sites to improve energy management control, such as peak manag...

Smart SPD(Surge Protective Device) The name “Smart SPD” appeared in working groups of the IEC 37A SPD committee, for the first time in 2015. Since then everybody tries to find a go...

AC SPD Coodination Many applications require the use of two or more SPDs in order to reduce the electrical stress on the equipment to be protected to an acceptable value. Very frequently, a ...